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Access
In SSL Certificate Terminology, this simply means being able to communicate with a secure server. Or to be more specific, a type of interaction between two computers that allows the information to flow from one secure server to the other. A computer may access a file to obtain data, or a visitor may access a server to obtain information.
Access Control
Controlling or limiting access to server resources only to authorized, validated systems in a network. Synonymous are controlled access or limited access. Access control can be an administrative or technical control, limiting access to an SSL secure server, online payment gateway, or preventive control.
Asymmetric Cryptography
In the "early days" of the Internet, public key cryptography worked by sharing a "secret key", used for both encryption and decryption. This proved to be a major risk with symmetric key systems of cryptography. With asymmetric public key cryptography this is not a problem. Asymmetric Cryptography uses two keys to work together so that text encrypted with the one key can only be decrypted by the other.
One of the keys is kept private by one party, eliminating the need to share keys. This way, security is not compromised. The second key is called the "public key", and it should be available to everyone who has legitimate need of access.
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